That part of the body containing the viscera, ie the kidneys, liver, stomach, and intestines; separated from the thorax by the diaphragm.
A chemical (neurohormone) released from presynaptic nerve endings, which diffuses across the synapse (gap between the neurones) and stimulates the initiation of an impulse in the post-synaptic membrane. Is rapidly broken down by the enzyme cholinesterase.
A chemical which dissociates ("splits up") in solution to give hydrogen ions (H+). Have a pH less than 7. Neutralised by alkalis (bases).
A compound formed from ADP + P with energy released from Phosphocreatine (PC) and/or the breakdown (oxidation - either aerobic or anaerobic) of energy rich substrates e.g. glucose. Stored in all cells, especially muscle fibres. When it is broken down by enzyme action back into ADP + P the stored energy is made available for chemical or mechanical work. All the body"s energy use is via ATP, which is continually broken down and resynthesised (average daily turn-over = body weight).
Special tissue within which fat is stored. Found mainly under the skin (sub-cutaneous) and around the major organs.
The period in which a second growth spurt occurs and sexual maturity is achieved.
Literally "on top of the kidneys". Composed of two distinct regions, an outer cortex, and an inner medulla. The cortex secretes adrenal cortical hormones, e.g. sex hormones, aldosterone, cortisol; the medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, and is closely linked to the sympathetic nervous system.
A hormone (chemical transmitter substance) released from the medulla of the adrenal glands and from sympathetic nerve endings, which prepares the body for "fight or flight"as a result of a "fright".
Exercise during which the energy needed is supplied by aerobic respiration (oxidation) of energy rich substrates e.g. glucose, using the oxygen that is breathed in (fats can only be broken down aerobically). Such exercise can be continued for long periods.
Attraction to, "liking" for; e.g. haemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen, with which it forms oxyhaemoglobin.
The oxygen necessary after exercise to replenish the ATP-PC energy stores, and to resaturate the myoglobin and tissue fluids with oxygen.
A chemical which accepts hydrogen ions, thus neutralising acids. Have a pH greater than 7.